in the interest of transparency synonym

Governance practitioners were often wary of emphasizing rapid democratization in developing countries with weak state institutions, afraid that premature political liberalization might pave the way for fragmentation and populist pressures that would undermine efforts to foster governance efficiency and effectiveness. Indeed, the consensus is fissured by a host of doubts and disagreements: In sum, the apparent consensus around transparency, accountability, participation, and inclusion should be understood as very much a work in progress, not a transformation that has largely already been achieved. eThekwini Declaration,” Fifth BRICS Summit, March 27, 2013, www.brics5.co.za/fifth-brics-summit-declaration-and-action-plan. Saskia Brechenmacher is a first-year MALD candidate at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Yet such input varies widely in type, duration, and intensity—it can be formal or informal, sporadic or continuous, limited or far-reaching, local or national, and so forth. Skepticism on the side of recipient country governments about the four concepts first emerged when the World Bank and other major aid organizations began pushing the accountability and anticorruption agenda in the 1990s. Participatory development, on the other hand, often seeks to make participation itself the driver of change by helping citizens take charge of their communities’ development, without fostering any particular ties to formal accountability mechanisms. . The Conference on the Future of Europe—an Experiment in Citizens’ Participation, Bringing Assistance to Israel in Line With Rights and U.S. Laws, Re-examining the Radicalizing Narratives of Georgia’s Conflicts, Carnegie–Tsinghua Young Ambassadors Program, www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/USAID%20DRG_%20final%20final%206-24%203%20(1).pdf, www.oecd.org/development/governance-development/39350774.pdf, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEVCOMMINT/Documentation/21046515/DC2006-0017(E)-Governance.pdf, www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/Busan%20partnership.pdf, www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/intellectual_life/cl-pp-pp_in_the__prc_final_91609.pdf, www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/vienna.aspx, www.worldbank.org/socialaccountability_sourcebook/PrintVersions/Conceptual%2006.22.07.pdf, www.tilburguniversity.edu/upload/397359d2-09a0-40d5-9502-8c3592aaae40_zeitlin.pdf, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEMPOWERMENT/Resources/14657_Partic-Budg-Brazil-web.pdf, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204712904578090571423009066?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052970204712904578090571423009066.html, http://nidprodev.org/EITI%20-%20Nigeria%20Analysis.pdf, http://campus.hec.fr/global-transparency/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Paper-Meissner-Transparency-Initiatives-v2.pdf, www.hrw.org/news/2014/03/19/extractive-industries-transparency-group-rewards-repression, www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/international/laws_papers/intl/eye_on_eiti_report.pdf, http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/25084/near-three-year-mark-ogp-success-still-unclear, www.globalintegrity.org/posts/opening-government-what-does-the-data-say, www.opengovpartnership.org/blog/martin-tisne/2014/05/27/ambition-open-government-partnership, www.brics5.co.za/fifth-brics-summit-declaration-and-action-plan, www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/BP_2.2014.pdf, http://thebrokeronline.eu/Articles/Africa-an-increasingly-powerful-post-2015-player, http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/6425egypt2.pdf. They fault governance practitioners for interpreting principles such as participation and inclusion in limited or partial ways, or deemphasizing them for the sake of other development priorities. For example, enthusiastic proponents of the growing transnational movement for accountability and transparency view these issues as a potentially transformative advance of the governance agenda and one that naturally connects to burgeoning efforts to harness new Internet and communication technologies for development ends. Instead, the question is whether the primarily socioeconomic conception of development—on which the field of development aid has rested since its origins in the 1950s—should be expanded to include these principles as objectives. They may note that they often carry out governance programs for decades in undemocratic contexts such as Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, or Vietnam, without any intention of changing the larger political direction of the country. Accountability programs for example often incorporate transparency as a constituent element while also relying on citizen participation, such as support for local groups that seek to press a particular government institution to be more responsive to public concerns. Learn a new word every day. This emerging agreement in turn triggered heightened attention to human rights issues and approaches as an integral part of development work. The opinions expressed in the paper are the responsibility of the authors alone. ; softness; daintiness: the delicacy of lace. Generally, short listed candidates will then be provided with the Terms of Reference (ToR) and asked to participate in the Request for Proposal (RFP) process. Governance work initially concentrated on public sector efficiency and competence, with a programmatic focus on public expenditure management, civil service reform, and privatization. References to principles such as participation and accountability in aid programming have become so frequent and widespread that pinning down with any precision what is meant by those terms often proves difficult. Enthusiasts of these principles should avoid the temptation to act as though the agreement around them is stronger than it really is—and they should be willing to face head on the many lasting fissures and look for ways to reduce them. Transforming multilateral initiatives into domestic change will require continuous independent monitoring to evaluate their impact and adjust their approach—the Open Government Partnership’s Independent Reporting Mechanism could serve as a potential role model in this regard. In other words, a society is more developed when its people are treated in accordance with these values and less developed when they are not. For example, the move to make the World Bank’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) more participatory through the implementation of Participatory Poverty Assessments was, in the eyes of some critics, a long and corrosive study in the superficiality of donor commitment to participation. The initiative has thus been criticized for providing legitimacy to a number of questionable regimes—including Ethiopia and Azerbaijan—without posing a real threat to their repressive governance structures and rent-seeking elite behavior.41 Although its fifth criterion requires that “civil society is actively engaged as a participant in the design, monitoring and evaluation” of the EITI process, these governments have routinely come under fire for systematically restricting basic civil and political rights, including freedom of assembly, association, and expression.42 This change occurred for multiple reasons. The aid community remains divided over the intrinsic case for incorporating these principles into development work. Instead, he argues for a greater focus on growth-enhancing aspects of governance, such as the capacity to strategically attract new investment.32 Linking these scholars is an overarching concern that a premature opening of political institutions and decisionmaking processes can exacerbate existing collective action problems, and a wariness of good governance approaches that assume state capacity and political will for reform where both are lacking. 37 As of May 2014, 26 countries were considered compliant, 25 had already produced EITI reports, seventeen were candidates, three had been suspended, and two removed. The inclusion of governments with chronically poor governance records may indeed serve to gradually socialize them into a different outlook. 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