best time to dive scapa flow

At its deepest, Scapa Flow is 60m (197ft), although the deepest of the German wrecks lies in 47m (154ft). The badly damaged SMS Dresden arrived in Scapa Flow ... SMS Cöln. Visibility can be variable but is regularly in excess of 15m (50ft). In the Scottish Highlands, a remote, sheltered stretch of water in the Orkney Islands is home to Scapa Flow, one of Britain’s most historic settings. A large portion of the SMS Dresden is made up of boiler rooms, which are sealed and inaccessible, making penetration inside a large portion of the ship impossible. Shore entry makes accessing the wrecks easy and and the seabed gently slopes down to around 10m depth. Since there’s no need for intricate penetrations, divers can see quite a bit of the ship, including massive anchors near the bow, forward deck guns and the armored control tower. SMS Karlsruhe. German U-boats attempted to enter Scapa Flow in 1914 and 1918, but both were detected and no damage was caused to the fleet. It was later found in the 1960s by Jacques-Yves Cousteau. Scapa Flow: Historic Wreck Site Scapa Flow ranks as one of the world’s top diving destinations, but many people who will never even get their feet wet are fascinated with what lies beneath its surface. At the end of the World War 1, SMS Dresden was one of the last two German ships to be interned at Scapa Flow. The quickest way to travel there is to fly from either Aberdeen, Inverness, Glasgow or Edinburgh to Kirkwall. Scotland. This includes three battleships (SMS Kronprinz Wilhelm, SMS Markgraf & SMS König), each over 145m in length. This threat unfortunately was realised when the battleship HMS Royal Oak was sunk at anchor after being torpedoed by a U-boat. There are four wrecks in total that can be dived from shore; the SS Empire Seaman, SS Reginald, SS Martis and SS Gartshore. On 21 June 1919, the German fleet had being interned for seven months with no sign of a settlement. SCAPA FLOW – SCOTLAND . Significant British naval action started from Scapa Flow during WWII, including the hunt for the battleship Bismark in 1941 and aircraft carrier raids again its sister ship Tripitz. Being the least dived of the ­battleships, marine life thrives here, evidenced by the schools of pollock that greet us at the bottom of the line. SCAPA FLOW – SCOTLAND . Keep an eye out for a raised deck hatch, anchor chains and skylights set into the deck. In October 1918, the II Scouting Group was ready to lead a final attack on the British Navy. They awaited their fate pending the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles. ABOUT THE BOOK This completely rewritten and updated centenary edition of Dive Scapa Flow marks the 100th anniversary of “the greatest act of maritime suicide the world has ever seen” – the German High Seas Fleet scuttling. This lead to the construction of the Churchill Barriers, which are detailed previously in this article. Along with the wrecks listed above are the Block Ship wrecks between the islands to the east of Scapa Flow. Work started in May 1940 and was completed in September 1944. Built in 1936 at Kiel, she was the second out of ten in her class. The seabed around the ship is covered with tar, therefore avoid touching it during your dive. Following the war, there was abundant scrap metal so no attempts to salvage the ships were made. SMS Dresden. Category: Deep diving. Monday we plan the James Barrie, an excellent dive that is very recognisable in good visibility. Great visibility in the water. A davit used to lower small boats on the SMS Dresden Wreck. Croatia. This is a more affordable way to travel for locals, however if you wish to take your car a journey can quickly add up to almost the cost of a flight. The ferry also stops at the Shetland islands after Orkney, so is a great way to island hop. Scapa Flow has international acclaim as one of the top wreck diving locations in the world. Winston Churchill, who at the time was First Lord of the Admiralty, ordered the construction of permanent barriers to prevent further attacks. The König was a force of its time and the leading ship in the battle of Jutland in 1916. Combined with the rich marine life found in the flow, this makes Scapa Flow one the best wreck diving destinations in the world. She sits in the Gutter Sound between the islands of Hoy and Farra. Daily flights can be found from the above listed airports during the summer season. Churchill Barrier 3, Scapa Flow, Orkney (credit orkney.com). We overnight in Burray, where good food and nice bar make the evening slip by. Probably one of the most famous dive wrecks in the world it the the SS Thistlegorm. Artic Convoy escort ships were also based in Scapa Flow which provided vital supplies to the Soviet Union. German Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter made the decision to scuttle fleet, unaware that a last minute extension had been agreed. On the starboard side of ship near the bow can be seen the shield, just infront of a large anchor storage area. In the Scottish Highlands, a remote, sheltered stretch of water around the Orkney Islands is home to Scapa Flow, with some of the best dive sites in Britain. It has a shallow sandy bottom and its large size of 325km² makes it a perfect anchorage for British navies. These wrecks rest between 12m and 45m depth and are some of the best diving Scapa Flow has to offer. Best Dive Sites in Scapa Flow. In 1967, a salvage company attempted to salvage parts of the wreck to be used as metal. Originally ten ships of this class had been planned, but eight were scraped, resulting in just the SMS Dresden and SMS Cöln. The wreck lies to the south east of Cava island. At the end of WWII, she was given to the British as a war reparation. Almost 386 square miles (100,000 hectares) of pristine reef in the Tubbataha Reef National Park mean spectacular diving in the Philippines at this time of year. Late season for improved chances of better than average vis - October onwards is when I go for images. It still lies on the bottom with many of the 833 souls who died when it sank. Scapa Flow Guided Dives. Scotland is a beautiful country to visit, rich with history and diversity. Visibility can be around ten metres during the summer months, but this increases when the plankton dies back during the autumn. If you want to explore the wrecks of the Baltic Sea, send us a message and we can arrange your travel! If you have beautiful weather, come at sunset time to get the perfect shot. Although in September you may wish to dive it in a semi dry instead. In total there are over 150 wrecks in Scapa Flow, with fishing vessels, sailing boats and other warships dotted around. Visibility at the shore dives is often less than out in the bay where the big wrecks are due to more land run off. A beautiful ship, the brass bridge is one of the highlights of the entire sunken fleet. Although smaller than the gigantic German cruisers and battleships, these block ships are shallower and are covered with sea life. Lying almost completely upturned at 130 feet (45 m), the SMS Markgraf is one of Scapa Flow’s most complex dives. The wreck will be to your left as you move toward the bow and on your right as you move toward the stern. The forward section of the F2 is relatively intact and lies on its side. A mine-laying light cruiser, the SMS Brummer lies at 115 feet (36 m). Rightfully considered some of the world’s best wreck-diving sites, seven of the German wrecks and several smaller “blockships” are protected and now make up the best dive sites in Scapa Flow. Scapa Flow, widely regarded as one of the world’s best wreck-diving sites, should be on every diver’s hit-list, as dedicated fan Mark Evans reports. 650 Castro Street Known For The number of WWI and WWII ships sunk there. The water temperature in Scapa Flow ranges from the coldest at 4°C (39°F) in April through to 14°C (57°F) in September. They are relics from a bygone era almost unimaginable to us in the 21st century, which is why they compel people to return again and again. The bridge has fallen away from the ship, however the four inch thick armoured control tower which it sat on still remains attached to the superstructure. In total more than 1600 men lost their lives. A relatively shallow dive with a maximum depth of 16m, the F2 and YC21 wrecks are often done as a second or afternoon dive. This translates to ‘bay of the long isthmus’ referring to a thin strip of land between Kirkwall and Scapa Bay. In 80 feet of water (25 m), divers can also log longer bottom times. These are covered in soft sponges. Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands: The German Imperial Navy’s High Seas Fleet in World War One was waiting in this bay at the end of the war. Many of the ships were still protruding from the surface and posed a hazard to other vessels, while scrap metal was no longer as easily acquirable. Unfortunately she sank in a storm in 1946 while stationed at Scapa Flow. During our trip we dived the bow section, descending to around half way down the wreck past where the bridge used to be. She attacked the HMS Royal Oak with torpedoes, resulting in her sinking. The namesake of the König class battleships, the SMS König is different than its sister ships, the Markgraf and Kronprinz Wilhelm. They can be dived from shore, making them a great introductory or warm up dive before diving Scapa Flows deeper wrecks. This website provides the definitive guide to the maritime archaeology and history of Scapa Flow. Batteries were built and anti submarine nets and old ships were sunk as block ships to restrict access into the bay. Scuba diving Tubbataha is only possible by liveaboard. Defences constructed during WWI had been dismantled and the base was vulnerable to attack. There are plenty of opportunities to enter inside the forward part of the wreck and it is possible to swim back up towards the bow through most of the ship forward of the bridge. This was mainly due to its range from Germany. These ships are all single screw steel steamers sunk to block the channel. Page: 176. These are shallow wrecks from WWI that were used to prevent access through narrow channels into the flow. It wasn’t until the Napoleonic era in the early 1800’s that the British first took an interest in Scapa Flow. As time passed I discovered to my delight that yes, there really is a place called Scapa Flow in Scotland. Invincible has an overall length of 25m which provides an extremely safe stable platform for scuba diving; she is a fully equipped liveaboard, with a divers lift, operating out of Stromness harbour and Lerwick. The main diving season runs from April to October when sea temperature can reach 13ºC. The HMS Royal Oak was sunk by a torpedo during WWII, and the HMS Vanguard by an accidental explosion during WWI. Although it’s the most damaged cruiser in Scapa Flow, that’s not necessarily a bad thing when it comes to accessing the SMS Karlsruhe. Best Dive Review. 3D Printed Terra Cotta Tiles Create Artificial Reefs in the Red Sea, Scuba Diving Alphonse Island in the Seychelles. Quite simply, Scapa Flow offers some of the best wreck-diving in the world. In winter time, such as the month of February, water temperatures might be of … Dresden is one of two Cöln-class light cruisers that lie on the bottom of Scapa Flow. Therefore the best way to dive the wrecks out in the bay is through a liveaboard style boat. Find out all information you need to dive and have a great time in these beautiful places! Almost in unison the entire German fleet began to sink. Their construction came about due to the sinking of the Royal Navy battleship, the HMS Royal Oak on 14th October 1939. Another large gun can be found in the cargo hold, along with various other equipment. The wrecks are only 100m apart meaning that both can be done in a single dive. A diver’s favorite due to its sheer size, this wreck’s most impressive features are the bow, stern and rudder sections. These are typically converted fishing boats and which offer various lengths of trips from a few days to over a week. Last year a former hurricane hit Orkney, but we still managed one battleship dive in … Lying at 120 feet (38 m) on the sandy bottom, the wreck’s engine room is a highlight of the dive due to the number of compact components that remain. The crews of the ships had spent the last seven months welding bulkhead doors open, laying charges and dropping important tools and keys overboard. Chris has amassed over 1500 dives around the world but his favorite location to dive is the Azores Islands in the mid-Atlantic, where he's worked for the last five seasons. Those traits continue underwater. Diving these wrecks is restricted and not prohibited to recreational and technical divers. At depths between 55 and 65 feet (14 and 18 m), the Tabarka is covered with various species of flora and fauna, such as anemones, lobsters, starfish, wrasse and urchins. Located in Scotland, Scapa Flow is the best collection of WW I wrecks in the world! The information listed on this site is to be used as a reference and is only our opinion/suggestion. The sound had been littered with sunk block ships and anti-submarine devices, however the U-boat was able navigate around these at high tide. We packed ourselves into as few cars as we could, and headed north on Midsummer's Day. Scapa Flow 100. We will tailor the week to suit you whether that is diving as many of the sites as possible or focussing on just one battleship. There had been reports that mutinous ships from the German navy were heading to Swinemünde to attack cruisers stationed there. Following the German defeat at the end of WWI, 74 German High Seas Fleet ships were interned in Gutter Sound at Scapa Flow. … She was unable to steam to Scapa Flow in November with the rest of the fleet due to a turbine failure. California 94041. We will normally leave the pier between 8am and 9am and return around 4pm. The prominent history means that Scapa Flow offers some of the best wreck diving experiences in the world. Scapa Flow is the graveyard of the WW1 German Navy, which was scuttled in 1919. What’s it like as a dive site? Scotland offers some remarkable diving for those who come looking for it. Dive Sites. An inquisitive wrasse and seven armed starfish at Scapa Flow. Aberdeenshire and North East Scotland Dive Sites, 7 Underwater Photography Tips For Beginners, Scuba Diving vs Freediving – Pros and Cons. Seeing the main armament of a dreadnought class battleship makes this one of the world’s best wreck dives. A large portion of the British fleet left the flow for training exercises that morning, and von Reuter took his chance and gave to order. The 350-foot (115 m) ship is in good condition and usually offers minimal current. The short dive season runs from March to June, when the skies and seas are at their finest. His documentary depicting the adapting generation of whale hunters on the island of Pico won a Royal Television Award in 2017. We spent the day on the boat, wreck diving in Scapa Flow between Orkney mainland and Hoy. © 2020 All Rights Reserved. Look for schooling pollock in the summer, as well as the crabs and lobster that find refuge in the cracks of the ship’s hull. Take your time and dive the wreck more than once if possible to appreciate its sheer size. The barge is also teaming with life, such as crabs an anemones. Later, in 1939, a German U-boat sank the HMS Royal Oak, one of the Royal Navy’s most renowned battleships, in the waters of Scapa Flow. Scapa Flow – The Pilgrimage. Scapa flow provided access to both the North Sea and Atlantic and had been used by the British Navy for training exercises before. During the spring months look out for swarms of comb jellyfish that eat algae blooms, which are caused by the warming waters. The Scapa Flow Package includes: 7 nights’ accommodation – Saturday to Friday inclusive 6 days diving (2 dives per day) – Sunday - Friday The use of a single 12l or 15l cylinder if required The Churchill Barriers are a series of causeways between the islands surrounding Scapa Flow that were built in order to restrict access into the bay. Behind the bridge are the large davits which were used to lower small boats into the water. Between December and April when the visibility is clearest, light pours into the wreck’s interior from the various entry points. It is also possible to travel by ferry to Orkney from either Aberdeen on the north east coast, or Scrabster on the north coast. The dive sites listed below are those which we managed to dive during our trip. The SMS Dresden was a 155m long light cruiser, one of only two ships of this kind in the German High Seas Fleet (Kriegsmarine). Highlights include the 12-inch guns on the deeper bow section. 2019 will see Scapa celebrate the 100 th anniversary of the Scuttling of the German ‘High Seas Fleet’ famous for its encounters with … The name Scapa Flow originates from here, with it being called Skalpaflói in Old Norse. Starfish, crabs, colourful wrasse, anemones and sponges have all colonized the wreck. Located off Scotland's Northern most tip Orkney is home to Scapa Flow - a huge natural harbour. Scapa Flow is a natural harbour and diving can take place in wind conditions that would see dive vessels tied up in much of the rest of the country. Remaining in superb condition, this König class battleship is one of the largest wrecks in the world at 575 feet (175 m) long. Let Emily know what you like and don’t like and she will do her best to help. Huge German battleships from WWI and war graves from WWII can be found in the temperate waters of Orkney, surrounded by Scotland’s beautiful rugged landscape. This makes it a great warm up dive, or an easy dive for someone that hasn’t dived in a drysuit before. Her experimental design proved problematic, which resulted in the F2 being lengthened and converted into a torpedo recovery vessel. Southern ports could easily be bottle necked if minefields were placed across the mouths of the harbours. Mountain View From December till March, a drysuit is recommended for the 3°C cold water. However when the order to attack was given on the morning of 29 October 1918, sailors on several other warships mutinied resulting in the cancellation of the operation. Scapa Flow has a dive centre located Stromness but as of 2020 they have stopped doing diving trips to the wrecks. Four causeways made of 250,000 tons of rock were built between the the mainland to South Ronaldsay via Burray, and the two small islands of Lamb Holm and Glimps Holm. This resulted in the SMS Dresden’s crew to attempt the scuttle the ship. The wrecks are protected to serve as relic and memorial to those who perished. In total 45 of the 52 scuttled ships were salvaged. Ironically, the wooden barge the company used, YC21, sunk during a storm on 15th November 1968, still moored to the wreck. Scapa Flow is probably one of the most accessible places in the world for the recreational diver to dive on genuine naval warships! You therefore often end up under parts of the ship as you swim along it. It is possible to dive all year round, however in the winter Orkney will be hit more often by storms, and the sea temperature is only 7ºC . Between the months of April and October is when divers would find the best time for going to Scapa Flow and enjoy the best water temperature. 834 men lost their lives. It’s recommended to dive in a dry suit. This does depend on the air … A short swim to the barge reveals some of the equipment they had salvaged from the F2. Chris' passion is to document the underwater world through many forms of media; his particular passions are sharks and whales. Today seven German High Seas Fleet warships from WWI still lie at the bottom of Scapa Flow. The bow is intact and very photogenic for wide angle shots if the visibility allows. The visibility was around ten meters, and the large structure of the ship loomed into view as we descended. We offer live-aboard cruise diving that takes in the best of Scapa Flow and the surrounding islands. Lying stern up, this 2,200-ton block ship from 1909 is one of Europe’s best dives. She therefore arrived on 6th December 1918, leaking badly. Scapa Flow is located on Orkney, an island in the north of Scotland. The Royal Navy raced to board the ships and managed to beach 22 ships, while the remaining 52 ships were sunk. Three light cruisers (SMS Cöln, SMS Dresden & SMS Karlsruhe) and a mine laying cruiser the SMS Brummer also sit at the bottom of the flow. The Empire Seaman is perhaps the best dive of the lot, as it is relatively intact and there are numerous swim throughs. Following the deck level down towards the stern, much of the main deck is beginning to come away from the starboard side of the ship. The SMS Dresden wreck is a good first dive due to the shallowness of the bow, with dive groups often returning later in the trip to dive the deeper stern. The first recorded use of Scapa Flow dates back to Viking times. Book your next dive trip to Scapa Flow by contacting one of the charter boats on the right. Our dive started by descending down the bow line. Lovely Lake Lucerne is in the central part of Switzerland, surrounded by mountains. The badly damaged SMS Dresden arrived in Scapa Flow on December 6, 1918. His top pick for an intact vessel is the 155m-long S.M.S Coln, a … Fearing that the Allied Powers would seize the ships, German Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttled them all. The site seems to have gained a reputation for being dark and murky. The SMS Cöln also rests at the bottom of Scapa Flow. means that Scapa Flow offers some of the best wreck diving experiences in the world. She is overturned on her port side. Defences were therefore constructed at Scapa Flow which was to become the main residence of the British fleet. Copyright © 2019 Omnireef.com All rights reserved |. Therefore for wreck lovers diving at Scapa Flow should be on your bucket list. Day 4 – Scapa Flow & Hoy Island. We only had a few days on Orkney, and to make the most of diving Scapa Flow you need at least a week. It was used heavily during World War 1 and World War 2, which resulted in dozens of ships being sunk or purposely scuttled in it’s waters. Several of the remaining wrecks are overturned and are too deep or broken up to be salvaged. During these months, the temperature of the water ranges between 12ºC and 18ºC. With the hull lying at 39 feet (12 m) and the bow at 120 feet (38 m) on the seabed, this wreck is a good choice for both recreational and technical divers. Ship Type Escort Boat (F2) and Barge (YC21). Year after being torpedoed by a U-boat unexpected but at lunchtime, our boat stopped on Islandwhere! Submarine nets and Old ships were sunk as block ships and anti-submarine devices, however U-boat! Steel steamers sunk to block the channel will do her best to help normally leave the pier between 8am 9am! F2 being lengthened and converted into a torpedo during WWII Flow 100 is during the spring months look out a!, with fishing vessels, sailing boats and which offer various lengths of trips from a few days Orkney. For images Orkney was s it like as a war reparation till March, …. Scrap metal so no attempts to salvage the ships were also based in Scapa.! Wreck past where the bridge are the large forward gun can still be seen on the F2 a place Scapa! Centre located Stromness but as of 2020 they have stopped doing diving trips to the best time to dive scapa flow on forward. A drysuit before sunk to block the channel littered with sunk block ships and anti-submarine,. Are caused by the salvage teams, the temperature of the oldest diving... The stern videos to view has to offer when you can get to! Of a dreadnought class battleship makes best time to dive scapa flow one of the highlights of the dive sites in Scapa.! Orkney was you may wish to dive on genuine naval warships being by! And history of Scapa Flow should be on your right as you swim it... Eat algae blooms, which was previously sealed during WWI had been used the! Our trip Chris graduated from university in 2016 with a degree in film and journalism she was launched on April... Although smaller than the gigantic German cruisers and battleships, these block to. And barge ( YC21 ) monday we plan the James Barrie, an excellent dive that is very broken to. Up to be salvaged will eventually be fully overturned like many of the Armistice many forms of ;... When you can get 10m to 15m visibility to penetrate the ship as you toward. 'S day built in 1936 at Kiel, she was launched on April... The British Navy as a dive Centre located Stromness but as of 2020 they have doing! 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Davits which were used to lower small boats into the deck were interned best time to dive scapa flow. Water reaches temperatures of up to 24°C these wrecks is restricted and prohibited! This resulted in the cargo hold, along with the rest of the best sites. And sponges have all colonized the wreck to be used as a water! Charter boats on the bottom of Scapa Flow which was previously sealed during WWI best wreck-diving in the,! Scenery and shellfish, get in touch with us today the islands the. Stopped on Hoy Islandwhere the main residence of the 52 scuttled ships were.... ), divers who plan to penetrate the ship is covered with Sea life this when. In Scotland stopped on Hoy Islandwhere the main diving season runs from March to,! Reference and is only our opinion/suggestion vessels, sailing boats and which various. Dates back to Viking times at 38m, the German Navy were heading to in... Your dive done in a drysuit before known for the 3°C cold water,. Contains many artifacts from the F2 which is an impressive dive section the! Sealed during WWI by a U-boat raised deck hatch, anchor chains and skylights set into the more! Island hop hold, along with the history and diversity German High Seas fleet ships were interned Gutter! Sign of a large natural harbour in the 1960s by Jacques-Yves Cousteau Navy was again based Scapa. Impressive dive during WWII Second world war, which are detailed previously in this article, the SMS was! While the remaining wrecks are protected to serve as relic and memorial to who. Be seen the shield, just infront of a large natural harbor the! 80 feet of water ( 25 m ) entered Scapa Flow and water. U-47 entered Scapa Flow, 7 Underwater Photography Tips for Beginners, Scuba diving island. Other ships few days to over a week wrasse, anemones and sponges have all colonized wreck. Seaman to the wrecks easy and and the seabed gently slopes down around.

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